PROSTATE

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="112f2f02egerdp.jpg"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U><B><U>HOME</U></B></U></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="172" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#66FFFF HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="172"><div> <A HREF="id91.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="BRUCE ROSEMAN, M.D. 140 WEST 86th Stree"><U>CONTACT ME</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="172"><div> <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="office info"><U>OFFICE INFO</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFF99 HEIGHT= 24 WIDTH="172"><div> <A HREF="id116.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="MEDICATION INFORMATION"><U>DRUG INFO</U></A></div> </tD> 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><NOBR><div>  I<A HREF="id53.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" ANATOMY"><U>LLUSTRATIONS</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#33FFFF HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="172"><div> <A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="PHARMACIES"><U>PHARMACIES</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="115f0f03.jpg"> <div> <I>PROSTATE</I></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_prostate_anatomy.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PROSTATE ANATOMY</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_prostate_explained_and_benign_prostatic.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PROSTATE EXPLAINED AND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPY</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www2.cancer.org/eprise/main/docroot/CRI/CRI_2x?sitearea=LRN&dt=36" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www2.cancer.org/eprise/main/docro"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">ALL ABOUT PROSTATE CANCER BY AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.prostate-online.com/intro.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.prostate-online.com/intro.htm"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PROSTATE ONLINE</U></A> <A HREF="http://www.prostate-online.com/intro.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.prostate-online.com/intro.htm"><U>(EXCELLENT FOR BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF PROSTATE CANCER AND TESTS AND STUFF)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_protein_prompts_spread_of_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">HEPSIN=Protein Prompts Spread of Prostate Cancer</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/psa/glance.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.labtestsonline.org/understand"><U><I><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc3333ff00.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PSA TEST</I></U></A></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <A HREF="id98_psa_misses_prostate_cancers.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U>PSA test for prostate cancer shown to be unreliable</U></A></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">    <A HREF="id98_test_predicts_prostate_cancer_death.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U>Test Predicts Prostate Cancer by rate of rise</U></A></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <A HREF="id98_inventor_of_psa_cancer_test_says_it_s.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U>Inventor of PSA Cancer Test Says It's Overused  AND prostate cancer is being over-treated</U></A></div> <div> <I><B>FOOD  AND VITAMINS AND THE PROSTATE:</B></I><I> </I></div> <div> <A HREF="#tomato_sauce__" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">TOMATO SAUCE</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_move_over_tomatoes_all_vegetables___.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Move over tomatoes! All vegetables -- especially the cruciferous kind -- may prevent prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_soy_might_lower_the_risk_of_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">soy might lower the risk of prostate cancer(NOT SOY SAUCE)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_red_meat_gene_linked_with_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">RED MEAT AND DAIRY LINK TO PROSTATE CANCER</U></A>  a gene called AMACR </div> <div> <A HREF="id98_watermelon_help_men_avoid_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">WATERMELON may help men avoid prostate cancer.</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_red_meat_and_prostate_cancer.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">RED MEAT AND PROSTATE CANCER</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#go_fish_types_high_in_fatty_acids_may" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">men who consumed more fish—especially fatty fish—had a lower risk of prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_garlic_and_prostatate_cancer.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Garlic and prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_vegetables_may_protect_against.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">vegetables may protect against prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_green_tea_and_prostate_cancer_.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Green tea and prostate cancer </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_vitamin_e_protects_against_____prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Vitamin E protects against  -- prostate and bladder CANCER</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#vitamin_e_s_link_with_the_prostate" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">vitamin E’s link with the prostate</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_calcium_.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Calcium and prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">S<A HREF="id98_prostate_cancer_and_seven_herbs_called.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U>even herbs that might prevent prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_selenium_and_prosatate_cancer.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">SELENIUM AND PROSTRATE CANCER</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_antioxidants_potential_cancer_fighters_.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Antioxidants: Potential cancer fighters and where to get them</U></A></div> <div> <I>PROSTATE CANCER</I></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_seven_ways_that_may_help_prevent.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">SEVEN WAYS THAT MAY HELP PREVENT PROSTATE CANCER</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_aspirin_may_help_prevent_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Aspirin May Help Prevent Prostate Cancer   </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_firefly_glow_used_to_track_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Firefly Glow Used to Track Prostate Cancer Spread </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_zyflamend.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Zyflamend may offer new treatment and prevention options for prostate cancer </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_zyflamend_and_prostate_cancer__112005.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011899006600.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">zyflamend and prostate cancer  11/2005</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_herbal_supplement_might_prevent.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Herbal Supplement Might Prevent Prostate Cancer sept 2004</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_breast_cancer_drug_approved_for.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Breast Cancer Drug Approved for Prostate Cancer Taxotere Available When Hormone Therapy Fails </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id106_studies_suggest_statins_slash_cancer.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="STATINS"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Studies Suggest Statins Slash PROSTATE CANCER Risk</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_prostate_drug_might_cut_cancer_risk.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Prostate drug might cut cancer risk</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_impotence_common_after_radiation.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Impotence Common After Radiation, Surgery on Prostate </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_mortality_not_higher_for_most_with.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mortality Not Higher for Most with Prostate Cancer</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#more_precise_radiation_therapy_in" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">More Precise Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer May Avoid Erectile Dysfunction</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id106__statins_may_halve_advanced_prostate.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="STATINS"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Statins May Halve Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#prostate_surgery_or_watchful_waiting" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Prostate Surgery or Watchful Waiting: Which Is Better?</B></U></A></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <A HREF="#_breast_cancer_drug_may_help_prostate__" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><B>Breast cancer drug may help prostate - study</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#new_test_for_early_detection_of" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">New Test For Early Detection Of Prostate Cancer Shows Promise</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#pomegranite" TITLE="PROSTATE"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099006600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pomegranate juice  for prostate cancer?</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.tdlpathology.com/images/downloads/ProgensaPCA3_6page screen.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.tdlpathology.com/images/downl"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099006600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">New prostate Test for cancer</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="pomegranite"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#660099" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Pomegranate juice  for prostate cancer?</U></B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> A daily glass of pomegranate juice showed potential for slowing the growth of prostate cancer in a small study but more evidence is needed before doctors recommend it, U.S. scientists said on Saturday.</div> <div> A study funded by a juice maker found men who drank the beverage had a longer time until doubling of their blood levels of PSA -- a protein that indicates the presence of prostate cancer. Patients with short doubling times are more likely to die from the cancer.</div> <div> In the study, the time until PSA doubling after treatment extended to 54 months on average when the men started drinking eight ounces of pomegranate juice a day. Before drinking the juice, PSA doubled in an average of 15 months.</div> <div> "That's a very big difference. ... It's an indicator of how quickly the cancer is growing," said Dr. Allan Pantuck, a urologist at UCLA Jonsson Cancer Center and the study's lead author.</div> <div> Each of the 50 men who took part had radiation, surgery or other treatment for prostate cancer before enrolling in the study. No major side effects were reported from drinking the juice.</div> <div> "It's too early to tell people with prostate cancer they should drink pomegranate juice" because the evidence is preliminary, Pantuck said in an interview.</div> <div> A larger study is under way to try to confirm the findings, with results expected in two years, he said.</div> <div> While he does not expect pomegranate juice to cure prostate cancer, Pantuck said it could delay or prevent the need for other therapies with harsh side effects including hot flashes, fatigue, depression and impotence.</div> <div> Pomegranate juice "is a very non-toxic treatment that, if it really did have that effect on doubling time, could prevent many people from going on to metastatic disease and hopefully from dying of prostate cancer," he said.</div> <div> The research team said substances known as polyphenols or other ingredients in the fruit juice may be able to fight prostate cancer, but exactly how is unclear. The benefits probably come from a combination of ingredients, they said.</div> <div> The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Clinical Cancer Research and funded by a trust established by the owners of Pom Wonderful, a brand of pomegranate juice. Pom Wonderful supplied the juice used in the study. </div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="new_test_for_early_detection_of"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>New Test For Early Detection Of Prostate Cancer Shows Promise</B></div> <bR> <div> In the first clinical study of a new blood protein associated with prostate cancer, researchers have found that the marker, called EPCA or early prostate cancer antigen, can successfully detect prostate cancer in its earliest stages. At the same time, the marker successfully avoids the problem of false positive results that plagues prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.</div> <bR> <div> Study results appear in the May 15, 2005, issue of Cancer Research. The lead author is Robert H. Getzenberg, Ph.D., professor of urology and director of research at the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins.</div> <bR> <div> The traditional two-step approach of PSA testing and digital rectal examination has helped doctors identify prostate tumors early, while the cancers can still be cured. But PSA testing, like many disease-screening procedures, misses some cases of cancer and in other cases erroneously highlights noncancerous conditions.</div> <bR> <div> "This new blood test, when coupled with PSA screening, may help reduce the number of both unnecessary biopsies and undetected prostate tumors," said Getzenberg, In addition to being highly sensitive to prostate cancer, the EPCA test is also very specific to it, meaning that other cancers and benign prostate conditions are not detected, thus boosting doctors' confidence that a positive EPCA test is really a sign of prostate cancer, added Getzenberg.</div> <bR> <div> "Once this test is refined and approved for general use, it will have an impact on the detection and treatment of prostate cancer," said Getzenberg.</div> <bR> <div> For the current study, Getzenberg and colleagues developed a simple test that would detect EPCA in the blood and then measured the EPCA levels in 46 patients, including those with prostate cancer (12 patients), bladder cancer (six patients), colon cancer (two patients), kidney cancer (one patient), spinal cord injury (seven patients) and noncancerous prostate inflammation (two patients), and 16 healthy individuals. The study was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh while Getzenberg was a member of its faculty.</div> <bR> <div> The researchers found that EPCA levels were high in 11 of 12 prostate cancer patients (92 percent) and low in all of the healthy individuals. Only two bladder cancer patients and none of the other patients had elevated EPCA levels, suggesting that for this study, the test was correct 94 percent of the time. For comparison, only one-quarter of patients who undergo biopsies because they have elevated PSA values are actually positive for prostate cancer, while as many as 15 percent of those with low PSA values were found to have prostate cancer as detected by biopsy, according to Getzenberg.</div> <bR> <div> Larger clinical trials are under way to further refine the EPCA test, to make it more sensitive so it can pick up even the smallest traces of the marker, and to verify its usefulness for detecting prostate cancer in a larger sample of patients, said Getzenberg.</div> <bR> <div> Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer found in American men. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be approximately 232,090 new cases of prostate cancer in the United States in 2005, and 30,350 men will die of this disease.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="_breast_cancer_drug_may_help_prostate__"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U> Breast cancer drug may help prostate - study</U></B></div> <bR> <div> By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Correspondent 25 minutes ago</div> <bR> <div> A drug used to treat breast cancer may also help prostate cancer from developing in men who have precancerous lesions, researchers reported on Saturday.</div> <bR> <div> Men with a condition called prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or PIN, which progresses to cancer in a year in 30 percent of cases, usually have to wait it out and hope.</div> <bR> <div> But a drug called toremifene, developed by Memphis, Tennessee-based GTx, Inc. under the brand names Acapodene and Fareston, cuts that rate in half.</div> <bR> <div> "This is the first time that a drug has shown promise for lowering the incidence of prostate cancer in men with PIN," said Dr. David Price of Regional Urology, a clinic in Shreveport, Louisiana, who led the study.</div> <bR> <div> If a man has a high reading of prostate specific antigen, or PSA, in his blood, or if he has symptoms of an enlarged prostate, he sometimes has a biopsy -- a sample of the prostate -- taken to see if it is cancerous.</div> <bR> <div> About 10 percent of men who get biopsies are diagnosed with PIN. The condition is comparable to a polyp in the colon that may turn into a colon cancer tumor, or a condition called ductal carcinoma in situ, which often progresses to breast cancer.</div> <bR> <div> "As a clinical urologist, when I see men and I diagnose them with prostate cancer, I have good options for them. I can offer them radiation therapy or surgery," Price told a news conference.</div> <bR> <div> "When they are diagnosed with PIN I have to tell them, 'You have a one in three chance of developing prostate cancer, but I have no option but to follow you.' It is distressing for the patients and their families."</div> <bR> <div> These men have to get repeated biopsies, and they have a 15 times greater risk of developing prostate cancer over their lifetimes than most men.</div> <bR> <div> HORMONE INTERFERENCE</div> <bR> <div> Laboratory tests suggested toremifene might help. It is a selective estrogen/androgen receptor modulator or SERM, similar to other drugs used to treat breast cancer, and it interferes with how hormones affect cancer cells.</div> <bR> <div> In a trial funded by GTx, Price's team tested toremifene in 514 patients who had high-grade PIN.</div> <bR> <div> After a year of taking the pills daily, the men who got toremifene were 48 percent less likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than the men given placebos, Price told a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Orlando.</div> <bR> <div> The company has started a larger, Phase III trial in 1,500 men.</div> <bR> <div> Because the drug is already approved for use in treating breast cancer, its safety is not in question, Price said.</div> <bR> <div> Even if the drug is delaying prostate cancer instead of preventing it, that could be good, Price said.</div> <bR> <div> Prostate cancer usually is a slow-growing cancer, so if men can push their diagnosis back until they are elderly, they will be unlikely to die of the prostate cancer before they die of something else.</div> <bR> <div> Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Every year, more than 200,000 U.S. men are diagnosed with the disease and it will kill 30,000 in 2005, according to the American Cancer Society.</div> <bR> <div> Other studies presented at the conference hinted at new options for men who have prostate cancer.</div> <bR> <div> A study supported evidence that Dendreon Corp.'s Provenge, a so-called therapeutic vaccine that stimulates the immune system to attack tumors, could help advanced prostate cancer patients live a few months longer.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Therion Biologics reported its targeted prostate cancer vaccine Prostvac may help control prostate cancer in men whose tumors have come back or spread after initial treatment. </B></div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="go_fish_types_high_in_fatty_acids_may"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>Go Fish! Types High in Fatty Acids May Prevent Prostate Cancer </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="683" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> By <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><U>Mark Moran, MPH  </U></FONT>WebMD Medical News Archive </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="248"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="248" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> June 1, 2001 -- Fish that are high in fatty acids, such as mackerel, salmon or herring, may help prevent prostate cancer, according to a large study of Swedish men in the June edition of the British medical journal <I>The</I> <I>Lance</I>t. </div> <div> "The main message is to eat more fatty fish," says co-author Alicja Wolk, DMSC. "Eating fatty fish reduces risk of prostate cancer by about 70%, compared to not eating it, and reduces the risk for death from the disease by about 50%." Wolk is a professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. </div> <div> The study was an epidemiologic investigation, which looks at the occurrence of disease in a large population of people. The researchers followed 6,272 Swedish male twins for 30 years, examining lifestyle factors -- including diet -- and drawing associations with the risk for prostate cancer. </div> <div> They found that men who consumed moderate to high amounts of fatty fish were two-to-three times less likely to develop prostate cancer than men who did not, according to the report. </div> <div> Because all the men in the study were twin pairs, the researchers were able to adjust their findings to account for genetic factors. And the findings remained consistent despite other potential risk factors for prostate cancer, such as smoking and alcohol use. </div> <div> The bottom line: fatty fish consumption is a powerful determinant of disease, Wolk says. </div> <div> Wolk says the study contributes to accumulating evidence that the fatty acids present in fish protect against prostate cancer. Previous studies measuring the amount of fatty acids in blood have indicated that men with higher concentrations were less likely to get prostate cancer, she says. </div> <div> She notes that in addition to the fatty acids, fish are a rich source of vitamins and selenium, a mineral believed to have "antioxidant" effects, preventing the oxidation of cells in the progression of cancer. "So the beneficial effects of fish may be due to a combination of all of these factors," Wolk tells WebMD. </div> <div> And Wolk adds that there is accumulating evidence that the fatty oils in fish may also be good for preventing heart disease and stroke. </div> <div> Urologist William Catalona, MD, who reviewed the report for WebMD, says the study offers "credible evidence" of the role of fatty fish in preventing prostate cancer. </div> <div> "There is a lot of evidence that dietary factors can influence the development and progression of prostate cancer," he says. "The current view is that there are probably a handful of genes that can predispose a person to prostate cancer. But if you have an inherited susceptibility, it doesn't mean you will get it unless there is a permissive environment. A lot of the environment can be influenced by diet." Catalona is professor of urology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. </div> <div> He notes that the purpose of epidemiologic studies is to raise hypotheses. More conclusive proof would be extraordinarily difficult to come by, requiring a long-term experiment directly comparing occurrence of disease in men who consumed fish and those who did not. </div> <div> "As epidemiologic studies go, this provides fairly convincing evidence that, for whatever reason, men who consume larger amounts of fish are less likely to get prostate cancer," Catalona says. </div> <div> And the study adds to a list of other foods that may diminish risk for prostate cancer, including green tea, tomatoes and other lycopene-containing fruits, as well as vitamin supplements, and selenium. </div> <div> Lycopene is part of a family of pigments, called carotenoids, which occur naturally in fruits and vegetables. </div> <div> "Patients who have prostate cancer or a family history are always asking doctors what they can do to reduce their risk," Catalona says. "Eating salmon and other fatty fish can be added to the list of foods where there is some evidence to support a beneficial effect." </div> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="vitamin_e_s_link_with_the_prostate"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>vitamin E’s link with the prostate</U></B></div> <div> Like selenium, vitamin E’s link with the prostate showed up in a clinical trial designed to test something else.</div> <bR> <div> The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) study tested a daily dose of 50 International Units (IU) of vitamin E (that’s the alpha-tocopherol) on 29,000 male Finnish smokers It had no impact...on lung cancer, that is.</div> <bR> <div> “In the men who took alpha-tocopherol, we saw a one-third reduction in the incidence of, and a 41 percent reduction in the death rate from, prostate cancer over a period of five to eight years,” explains Albanes, one of the ATBC study investigators.</div> <bR> <div> “That’s impressive,” he adds. “And it wasn’t confounded by any other factors because the men were randomly assigned to a supplement or placebo as they walked in the door.”</div> <bR> <div> Other studies suggest that vitamin E might protect the prostate, but the ATBC, says Albanes, “is the linchpin for testing it in the upcoming SELECT trial.” The NCI has stopped short of advising men to take alpha-tocopherol supplements until the results are confirmed, he adds.</div> <bR> <div> And that’s just as well, because last December a report added a new wrinkle to the vitamin E story.</div> <bR> <div> Researchers at The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health found that men with high blood levels of <I>gamma</I>-tocopherol (another form of vitamin E) had only a quarter the risk of prostate cancer over the next eight years compared to men with lower levels Alpha-tocopherol was also linked to a lower risk, but only in men who also had high blood levels of gamma-tocopherol.</div> <bR> <div> “The role of gamma-tocopherol is new and it comes from out of the blue,” says Giovannucci. And it could simply be a fluke. Two larger studies found no link between gamma-tocopherol and prostate cancer</div> <bR> <div> But the Johns Hopkins study needs to be followed up, he adds, “because it raises the issue that vitamin E supplements, which are mainly alpha-tocopherol, may not do as much good as some people think, and may even do harm.”</div> <bR> <div> The possible harm: “High doses of alpha-tocopherol may suppress the absorption of gamma-tocopherol,” explains Giovannucci. In three studies, alpha-tocopherol was linked to a lower risk of prostate cancer, but only in smokers</div> <bR> <div> “There was a suggestion of a slightly elevated risk for non-smokers who took at least 100 IU a day, but we have no explanation for it.” says June Chan of the University of California at San Francisco.</div> <bR> <div> That means the possible increased risk could be due to chance, but it’s too early to say. Says Giovannucci: “For non-smokers, there’s very little evidence of benefit and some evidence that alpha-tocopherol is deleterious.”</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="prostate_surgery_or_watchful_waiting"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Prostate Surgery or Watchful Waiting: Which Is Better?</U></B></div> <div> Studies Give Clearer Picture of Two Options      American Cancer Society</div> <div> May 11, 2005 12:00:00 AM PST</div> <bR> <div> Men who opt for prostate cancer surgery -- especially when they're under age 65 -- are less likely to die of their disease than those who choose no treatment, Scandinavian researchers report in this week's New England Journal of Medicine (Vol. 352, No. 19: 1977-1984).</div> <bR> <div> The findings come on the heels of a US study published last week in the Journal of the American Medical Association (Vol. 293, No. 17: 2095-2101) that suggested some men can safely skip treatment -- a strategy known as watchful waiting.</div> <bR> <div> Though the conclusions may seem contradictory, experts say they actually complement each other. The Scandinavian study compared two treatment options -- surgery or watchful waiting -- while the US study only looked at how men fared once they'd already chosen watchful waiting. Both offer information men can use when they make decisions about treatments.</div> <bR> <div> "Any treatment decision is always based on many factors, including the age of the patient, the other medical conditions a patient may have, and what his life expectancy is," said Len Lichtenfeld, MD, deputy chief medical director of the American Cancer Society. "It's important to have a discussion with a doctor knowledgeable about prostate cancer before making a decision."</div> <div> Treatment Decisions Complex</div> <bR> <div> Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in US men, after skin cancer. This year alone, it is expected to strike more than 230,000 men, and kill around 30,000. Treatments for early-stage disease include surgery, radiation, or watchful waiting. But figuring out which treatment to choose can be difficult, especially for men with early-stage disease.</div> <bR> <div> That's because some prostate cancers grow very slowly and never cause problems. Treating these cancers might not be necessary, and it could also lead to unwelcome side effects like impotence and incontinence.</div> <bR> <div> Other prostate cancers, though, are aggressive and deadly. For men with these types of cancers, the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks of its side effects.</div> <bR> <div> There's no ironclad way to tell for certain which type of cancer a man has, but there are some biological clues like PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels and Gleason score (a measure of how abnormal -- and potentially aggressive -- the cancer cells are). Men with low marks in both these categories may have slow-growing cancers, and may be candidates for watchful waiting.</div> <div> Watchful Waiting OK for Some Men</div> <bR> <div> Last week's JAMA study, led by researchers at the University of Connecticut Health Center, showed that men with very low Gleason scores -- between 2 and 4 -- generally do well in the long term with watchful waiting.</div> <bR> <div> The researchers studied the medical records of 767 men between the ages of 55 and 74 who had early-stage disease. All had been diagnosed in the 1970s and early 1980s and all had chosen watchful waiting instead of aggressive treatment. Those with Gleason scores under 4 were found to have very little risk of dying because of their prostate cancer, even 20 years after diagnosis. By contrast, men with the highest Gleason scores -- between 8 and 10 -- had a high risk of dying from prostate cancer.</div> <bR> <div> The finding doesn't surprise Durado Brooks, MD, director of prostate and colorectal cancers for ACS.</div> <bR> <div> Like many cancer doctors, Brooks already believed that men with high-grade tumors are more likely to die no matter what treatment they get. And conversely, those with low-grade tumors are less likely to die even if they get no treatment. The two studies add support to that belief.</div> <div> Surgery Improved Survival in Younger Men</div> <bR> <div> The new Scandinavian study suggests, however, that certain men may be better off choosing surgery.</div> <bR> <div> Researchers from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Study Group No. 4 studied 695 men under age 75 with early-stage prostate cancer. Half were randomly assigned to treatment with a surgery called radical prostatectomy, while the rest were assigned to watchful waiting. They were tracked for 10 years.</div> <bR> <div> In that time, men who got surgery were less likely than men who had no treatment to have their cancer progress locally (19% vs. 44%) or spread to other parts of the body (15% vs. 25%). They were also less likely to die from prostate cancer (10% vs. 15%), but this difference was primarily seen among men under age 65.</div> <bR> <div> Although the study didn't have the statistical power to say for certain that surgery is better for younger men, the data are suggestive, Brooks said.</div> <bR> <div> "It is good to see a well-designed, decent-sized study that has long-range follow up that supports the concept that in some situations, prostatectomy can decrease the mortality and morbidity related to prostate cancer, considering how much the surgery is being done in this country," he said.</div> <div> Current Practice Likely to Remain Unchanged</div> <bR> <div> The two studies are unlikely to change the way doctors advise their patients about prostate cancer treatment, Brooks said.</div> <bR> <div> "My suspicion is that there aren't a lot of men under 65 without [other medical problems] who are advised to watch and wait," he said. "Watch-and-wait men are usually those over 65 with [other medical problems] and low Gleason scores."</div> <bR> <div> The first author of the US study agreed.</div> <bR> <div> "The older men are the ones for watchful waiting," said Peter C. Albertsen, MD, MS, chief of urology at the University of Connecticut Health Center. "Younger men with high-grade disease should definitely go for [treatment]."</div> <bR> <div> Older men with high-grade disease could also benefit from treatment, he said, but those decisions must always be made on a case by case basis.</div> <bR> <div> Neither study dealt with the side effects of each treatment option, nor looked at men who chose radiation treatment for their prostate cancer. It's also not clear what effect PSA testing might have on prostate cancer outcomes. Because testing is becoming more common, prostate cancers are now being found even earlier than they were discovered in the men who took part in these studies.</div> <bR> <div> Studies of the effect of screening and different treatment options are under way. Results are expected in the next few years.</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="tomato_sauce__"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>TOMATO SAUCE  </U></B></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Research suggests that lycopene, a substance found in tomatoes, may play a role in lowering men's odds of developing prostate cancer. Cooked tomato products, such as tomato sauce, are particularly healthful. Cooking breaks down tomato cell walls and releases the lycopene, making it easier for the body to absorb. A 2001 study by the National Foundation for Cancer Research found men with prostate cancer who ate one entree with tomato sauce per day for three weeks before surgery had a significant decrease in prostate tissue damage after their operations. </div> <div> <A HREF="id98__tomato_sauce_two_to_four_times_a_week.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="URINARY TRACT"><U><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700dc99006600.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> tomato sauce two to four times a week had a 34 percent lower risk of prostate cancer</U></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="369" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 38 WIDTH="365"><bR> <bR> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="369" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="919" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 706 WIDTH="915"><div> <I><B> <A NAME="more_precise_radiation_therapy_in"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B>"More Precise Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer May Avoid Erectile Dysfunction"</B></I></div> <bR> <div> Additional imaging tests help spare critical vessels, preserve sexual function ANN ARBOR, MI -- January 6, 2005 -- Researchers at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center are using innovative planning techniques to help men with prostate cancer avoid erectile dysfunction after radiation treatment. By using MRI scans in addition to CT scans, radiation oncologists can identify the blood vessels that control erectile function and plan treatment to target the prostate more precisely, sparing those nearby vessels. Results from an initial study with 25 patients appear in the January issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. Some 230,000 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2004. While it's more common in older men, a growing number of men are being diagnosed in their 50s. "As we treat younger men, erectile function is an important concern. We're often treating men in their 50s, and this is a very important issue for them. Most of the men I see are going to be cured. Once you start curing cancers at an extremely high rate, then the focus moves to quality of life," says Patrick W. McLaughlin, M.D., clinical professor of Radiation Oncology at the University of Michigan Medical School and director of Providence Hospital Radiation Oncology, with cancer centers in Southfield and Novi, both affiliated with the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center. Treatment for prostate cancer can involve surgery to remove the prostate or radiation therapy. During surgery, the nerves that control erectile function may be severed - which has led to new surgical techniques to avoid cutting those nerves. But doctors are less sure what causes erectile dysfunction after radiation therapy. Erectile dysfunction among men without prostate cancer is most commonly caused by a problem in the blood vessels, and doctors do know that radiation causes obstruction of the vessels that fall within the treatment area. Using that as a starting point, the U-M team began investigating radiation-related erectile dysfunction as a blood vessel problem. Typically, radiation oncologists rely on a CT scan to identify the prostate and plan treatment. But because of limitations in the CT scan, the images do not show the bottom of the prostate. Doctors instead estimate where the prostate ends, based on average distance from identifiable structures. The U-M study, using MRI in addition to CT scans to get a better picture of the whole prostate, found the distance between the prostate and the penile bulb ranged from 0.5 cm to 2.0 cm. "We condemned one of the common tricks people try to use. By assuming an average distance of 1.5 cm between the prostate and the penile bulb, either you're going to treat way more than you need to or you're going to miss the prostate," McLaughlin says. By taking the additional imaging, the U-M team was able to plan treatment to include the entire prostate but avoid the critical blood vessels below. Preliminary results suggest that avoiding the vessels prevents erectile dysfunction. "Because we can't see any detail of this area on CT scans, we just assume if we treat below the prostate it's no big deal. But it is a big deal. There is no cancer below the prostate, but there are critical structures related to erectile function as well as urine sphincter function. Treating below the prostate may result in needless problems," McLaughlin says. "I don't have much doubt from what I've seen that this approach is likely to have huge impact." About one in two men who undergoes radiation therapy for prostate cancer is unable to have sex five years later unless Viagra or similar medications are used. In addition, the vessels involved in erectile function also play a role in bowel and bladder control. The researchers suspect avoiding radiation to these areas will improve other quality of life issues, such as urinary leakage and bowel problems. In addition to McLaughlin, U-M study authors were Vrinda Narayana, Ph.D., adjunct clinical assistant professor of Radiation Oncology; Amichay Meriowitz, M.D., Sara Troyer, Peter Roberson, Ph.D., Howard Sandler, M.D., Lon Marsh, Theodore Lawrence, M.D., and Marc Kessler, Ph.D. Narayana is also affiliated with the Providence Cancer Center. Roger Gonda Jr., M.D., from Providence Hospital's Department of Radiology is also a study author. SOURCE: University of Michigan </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table> </body>